South Africa is no longer the only place on the continent that has urban wealth clusters
The wealth of Africans is projected to grow by a third over the next decade
The continent’s wealth is agglomerating in a number of urban clusters, in the south, east and west
Wealth is collected in a few other places – isolated capitals and mini-clusters stretching from Morocco down to Angola
Over the past decade, 19,000 Africans have become dollar millionaires. Africa’s combined wealth has grown by 13% – 3% just in the last year alone. The combined individual wealth of all Africans is $2.3 trillion today – by the end of 2027, it will have increased by a third to $3.1 trillion. Clearly, it’s boom time in Africa.
This map offers a revealing perspective on the wealth of the continent. The African subsoil may be resource-rich in many places, but as elsewhere in the world, it’s in the great urban centres that money accumulates. And people too: by 2100, 13 of the world’s 20 biggest megacities will be in Africa.
South Africa still boasts the main concentration of wealth in Africa, but no longer the only one.Image: Visual Capitalist
And this overview of Africa’s richest cities, based on the The AfrAsia Bank Africa Wealth Report 2018, indicates where clusters of wealthy cities are developing across the continent, as well as showing a few more isolated locations of money aggregation.
Long the most developed nation on the continent, South Africa – with four of Africa’s ten richest cities – continues to be the economic engine of Africa’s southern half. With a total GDP of $722 billion, South Africa as a whole continues to be the continent’s wealthiest country, but on a per-capita basis it comes second after the tiny island nation of Mauritius ($32,700).
The East African economy is dominated by a string of wealthy cities, from Uganda’s capital Kampala via Nairobi and Mombasa in Kenya to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania’s biggest city.
In West Africa, a similar transnational conglomeration runs from Abidjan in Ivory Coast over Ghana’s Accra to Lagos and Abidjan in Nigeria.
In Morocco, Casablanca’s wealth is flanked by that of Tangier and Marrakesh. In Egypt, Cairo dwarfs but not completely outshines Alexandria.
The ‘isolates’, in descending order, are four capitals: Luanda (Angola), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), Windhoek (Namibia) and Lusaka (Zambia).
Fittingly, Africa’s richest city was built on gold – on the Witwatersrand Gold Rush of 1886, to be exact. It’s the commercial capital of South Africa and the wider region.
2. Cape Town (South Africa): $155 billion
Image: Martin Power, CC BY-SA 3.0
View of Cape Town’s City Bowl from Lion’s Head, with Signal Hill and Cape Flats in the distance
The city with Africa’s highest prime residential rates, at around $6,100 per square metre (similar to DC or Berlin) also is an important hub for financial services, retail and tourism.
3. Cairo (Egypt): $140 billion
Image: Luc Legay, CC BY-SA 2.0
Rooftops of Cairo
Real estate, financial services and construction are some of the key sectors in this city of 9 million, the biggest metropolis in the Middle East.
4. Lagos (Nigeria): $108 billion
Image: Ulf Ryttgens, CC BY-SA 1.0
The Golden Plaza in Ikoyi, Lagos. On the left the Falomo Bridge to Victoria Island
It may no longer be the country’s capital, Lagos still is the gateway for 80% of Nigeria’s exports – and the centre of the burgeoning film industry, a.k.a. Nollywood. At 21 million inhabitants (2016 est.), it’s Africa’s largest metropolis, as well as one of the world’s fastest-growing cities.
5. Durban (South Africa): $55 billion
Image: Brand South Africa
Indian Ocean beach at Durban
Subtropical Durban is South Africa’s third-biggest city (after Johannesburg and Cape Town), second-biggest manufacturing hub and biggest port, as well as a major tourist destination. Durban’s Gateway Theatre of Shopping is Africa’s biggest mall. It has 12,000 parking slots, 390 stores, 90 restaurants, more than a dozen movie theatres (including an IMAX theatre), a skate park designed by Tony Hawk, and the highest fountain in Africa.
Kenya’s capital and largest city (metro area: 7 million) Nairobi is also known as the Green City in the Sun. Founded in 1899 by the British as a rail depot, the city today is home to thousands of Kenyan businesses, as well as the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Africa’s 4th-largest stock exchange; and regional hub for hundreds of multinationals.
7. Luanda (Angola): $49 billion
Image: OneVillage Initiative, CC BY-SA 2.0
View of Luanda’s harbour, with the Restinga peninsula in the background
Luanda is the biggest city, major port and capital of Angola – and its metro area is home to one in three Angolans. While the majority of Luandans live in poverty, the booming oil and gas industry has created huge wealth for a minority (as well as a boom in banking and building). Luanda is one of the world’s most expensive cities for ex-pats, in part because of high import tariffs imposed to help pay for diversifying the economy.
8. Pretoria (South Africa): $48 billion
Image: Petrus Potgieter/public domain
Pretoria’s central business district, seen from Muckleneuk Hill
The administrative capital of South Africa and the hub of the wider Tshwane metro area, Pretoria is also a centre for academia and R&D, as well as commerce and industry, including metalworks to car factories.
9. Casablanca (Morocco): $42 billion
Image: Achalhikarim, CC BY-SA 4.0
Dawn over Casablanca
Officially ad-Dar al-Bayda in Arabic but informally known as Kaza, Casablanca is the largest city in the entire Maghreb region (metro area: 7 million), and its economic hub. It is important both as port city and financial centre. Major Moroccan and multinational companies are headquartered here rather than in the political capital Rabat.
10. Accra (Ghana): $38 billion
Image: George Appiah, CC BY 2.0
Independence Arch in Accra
A merger of coastal settlements around British, Dutch and Danish coastal forts, Accra in 1957 became the capital of sub-Saharan Africa’s first independent nation. Today, it is a centre for manufacturing, marketing, finance, insurance, and transportation.
Over the next decade, the AfrAsia Bank’s report expects growth to remain strong in South Africa, Angola, Morocco, Egypt, Ivory Coast, Tanzania and Nigeria – not coincidentally countries hosting many of the hubs shown on this map.
But the strongest growth projections apply to some of the smaller countries in Africa: Uganda, Rwanda, Ghana and Mauritius.
